Patterned application of benzyl alcohol with or without a resist on nylon fabrics and dyeing the patterned fabric



United States Patent 3,467,484 PATTERNED APPLICATION OF BENZYL ALCOHOLWITH OR WITHOUT A RESIST ON NYLON FABRICS AND DYEING THE PATTERNEDFABRIC Julius Hermes, Martinsville, Va., assignor to Martin ProcessingCo. Incorporated, Bassett, Va., a corporation of Virginia No Drawing.Continuation-impart of application Ser. No. 317,124, Oct. 18, 1963. Thisapplication Mar. 7, 1966, Ser. No. 532,096

Int. Cl. D06p 3/24 US. Cl. 8-15 3 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Apolyamide textile material which is treated with benzyl alcohol overless than the entire surface of the polyamide material with a dyeassisting agent, benzyl alcohol, so as to impart to the treated areas ofthe polyamide material enhanced dye acceptance characteristics. Thepolyamide material is treated in localized areas by contacting thematerial with a bath containing benzyl alcohol and a solvent which isvolatile at temperatures at less than 205 C. After the polyamidematerial is contacted with the bath, the excess solvent remaining on thetreated surfaces of the textile material is removed by heating to atemperature less than 205 C. so that the benzyl alcohol remainsentrapped in the polyamide material at the areas of contact so as toform a latent design in the so treated areas. The polyamide material issubject to ready dyeing by standard polyamide dyeing procedures.

This invention relates to an improved method for forming a patterned dyeeffect on polyamide textile material, generally referred to as nylon.This application is a continuation-in-part of my copending applicationSer. No. 317,124, filed Oct. 18, 1963.

Different types of polyamide materials are commercially available, suchas nylon types 6-, 66 and 610, and, as a general rule, each of these hasa different dye aflinity. However, all types of polyamide materials arecharacterized by having a relatively low dyeing acceptance or aflinity.Heretofore, in the dyeing of nylon, it has been necessary to mix adyestufi in the form of a paste, apply it to the surface of the nylonmaterial, and allow it to dry and thereafter, steam the treatedmaterial, wash it, and dry it; or, it was necessary in vat dyeing tosubject the nylon material to elevated temperatures for a protractedperiod of time. Alternatively, another method employed was to prepare asolution of dyestuif material, pass the nylon material therethrough at arelatively slow rate so that the dye could penetrate the material, andthen subject the material to steaming, washing, and finally drying.

Often, in dyeing nylon textile material it is desirable to form apatterned effect, i.e., a pattern occupying substantially less than allof the area of the textile. For example, nylon textiles having acheckerboard pattern wherein alternate squares are dyed different colorsor are dyed and undyed as frequently as desired. Similarly, it is oftendesirable to form a nylon textile having a particular shaped designwhich is dyed, with the remainder of the material remaining undyed.Various configurations can be visualized, depending upon the use towhich the material is to be put. The prior art methods, as describedabove, cannot be efficiently employed to provide this patterned effecton a nylon textile material. Not only must extreme conditions beemployed, but, more importantly, sharp colored definition is not readilyobtainable with these processes.

Nylon textile materials are very often sold wherein the 3,467,484Patented Sept. 16, 1969 Ice same pattern is reproduced in a number ofcolor variations. With the prior art processes, it has been necessary tomake each of the color patterns individually and, often, in uneconomicalrun sizes. It has not hitherto been possible for a dyer to obtain apolyamide textile material having a latent design, colorable in varyingshades and hues, which can be easily and rapidly dyed at relatively lowtemperatures.

It is one object of my invention to provide a process for formingpolyamide textile materials having a latent design to which dye can beapplied to greige goods formed therefrom.

Another object of my invention is to provide a process for treatingpolyamide textile material having applied thereto at preselectedportions thereof a dye assisting agent to form a latent design to whichdye can be applied rapidly in a conventional manner.

Another object of my invention is to provide a process for treatingpolyamide textile material having applied thereto at preselectedportions thereof a dye assisting agent and a dye modifying agent to forma latent design to which dye can be applied rapidly in a conventionalmanner.

It is a further object of my invention to provide treated polyamidetextile material having a latent design which can be easily removed fromthe material without damaging it or interfering with further processing.

In accordance with the present invention, it has been unexpectedlydiscovered that a polyamide textile material can be treated with a dyeassisting agent, more particularly benzyl alcohol, in a patternedconfiguration and the benzyl alcohol retained in the fibers until it isdesired to introduce dye into the fabric. The fabric containing thelatent design embodied by the retained benzyl alcohol can be stored forindefinite periods of time and then dyed in a facile manner which doesnot necessitate the extreme conditions described previously. While theindefinite storage is possible because of benzyl alcohols relativelyhigh boiling point of about 205 C., the boiling point is low enough topermit removal of the latent design by simple heating steps withoutdestroying the properties of polyamide fabric in which it has beenretained. The ability to remove the latent design without destroying thefabric is extremely desirable, for example, at the end of a seasons runwhen the dyer no longer wishes to manufacture the pattern of theprevious season, but, obviously does not wish to lose the use of thefabric which he has already purchased. The fabrics treated with thebenzyl alcohol can then be heated, the fabric obtained from the heatingstep being essentially the same as a virgin material. This fabric canthen be employed in any manner in which untreated fabrics are generallyemployed. In previous processes which produced a type of latent image ona fabric prior to dyeing, the ability to recover the fabric in anessentially untreated state was not present.

The benzyl alcohol employed according to the present invention is anorganic swelling agent for the polyamide material and acts on thesurface of the material to increase its afiinity for dyestuffs. Thus,the benzyl alcohol can be called a dye assist agent. When the polyamidematerial has been treated with benzyl alcohol, according to the presentinvention, dyes are rapidly accepted by the polyamide material and setinto the material employing non-extreme conditions. The so-applieddyestuffs for a color which is not only fast, but uniform, in the areaswhere the fabric has been treated with benzyl alcohol.

The polyamide material to which the benzyl alcohol is applied can be inthe form of a fiber, yarn, cloth, tow or film. To form the latentpattern, the benzyl alcohol is applied to the polyamide material priorto treatment of the material with the dyestulf. While the dyestuif canbe applied to the polyamide material immediately after treatment withthe benzyl alcohol, it, of course, can be even more advantageous tostore the treated polyamide material for subsequent dyeing at some latertime, at which time the latent pattern is developed.

A variety of methods can be utilized to apply the dye assist agent tothe polyamide material. For example, application can be accomplished bypassing the polyamide material through an aqueous solution, dispersion,suspension or the like, of the benzyl alcohol or applying slightpressure to the material in the preselected portions in the presence ofthe benzyl alcohol bath. This slight pressure, which is not sufficientto set the material, e.g., a polyamide fiber, can be applied using anapplicating means, such as a roller, although other known applicatingmeans may be employed, such as printing equipment or use of a calendarroller, provided, however, that extreme pressures are not encountered.The roller can be actuated in a variety of ways to apply the slightpressure in selected areas, or a design may be imprinted on the calenderroll employing sufiicient pressure to contact the polyamide material tothe calender roll so as to transfer the benzyl alcohol to thepredetermined portions of the polyamide material. The pressure which isapplied may be varied considerably.

The dye assist agent is applied to the polyamide material as a solution,dispersion, suspension, or the like. Preferably the solvent orsuspending medium is water, but in any event the boiling point of thesolvent must be below about 205 C. Other solvents which may be employed,for example, include methyl, ethyl, ketone, diacetone alcohol, or thelike. The concentration of benzyl alcohol in the solvent may be varied;however, the benzyl alcohol should be in the range from about 3% to 9%,preferably about 5%, for best results when employing the teachings ofthis invention. Where concentrations of benzyl alcohol are employedbelow about 3%, insufficient benzyl alcohol is transferred to thepolyamide material to provide adequate dye acceptance, but sufficientbenzyl alcohol may be transferred to the polyamide material if thematerial is allowed to remain in contact with the benzyl alcoholsolution for an extended period of time. In practicing the invention inaccordance herewith when using benzyl alcohol solution in concentrationsas set forth above, sufiicient benzyl alcohol is transferred to thepolyamide material when it is contacted thereby for a period of timewhich should be less than 3 seconds. Concentrations above 9% may causedamage to the polyamide material due to the solvent action of the benzylalcohol thereon. Benzyl alcohol has only a limited solubility in waterat room temperature. While as previously mentioned, the polyamidematerial can be treated in a suspension of benzyl alcohol, a solution ispreferable and, it is therefore preferred that the treating bath beslightly heated so as to insure that all of the benzyl alcohol in thebath is in solution. The preferred temperature of the bath forapplication of the benzyl alcohol to the polyamide material is in therange from about 35 C. to 100 C., to insure solution of the benzylalcohol without requiring extreme conditions of application. The termbath as used hereinafter will be understood to include both solutions ofbenzyl alcohol and mixtures wherein the amounts of benzyl alcoholemployed are beyond the solubility limitations of the solvent so that asuspension or dispersion is formed. The term solvent includes both waterand the indicated types or organic materials and mixtures thereof.

The treating bath should be in a pH range of about 3-7, but preferablythe pH of the bath is approximately 3-4. This can be accomplished by theaddition of an organic or mineral acid, such as sulfuric acid which maybe in a concentration of about .01% although the concentration may bevaried to achieve the proper pH in a given solution.

After the polyamide material has been passed through the bath containingthe benzyl alcohol, the excess benzyl alcohol solution remaining on theexterior of the polyamide material is removed in a conventional manner,for example, by passing the material through a water bath or by passingthe material through a steam cabinet and hot water spray. In any event,the temperature of the wash bath should not exceed 205 C. when treatingthe polyamide material to remove excess benzyl alcohol as such atemperature would also remove the benzyl alcohol entrapped or absorbedinto the polyamide material. After the excess benzyl alcohol has thusbeen removed, the treated portions only of the polyamide material willhave the benzyl alcohol solution or dispersion entrapped therein. Thesolvent is then removed by heating the material to a temperature inexcess of the boiling point of the solvent but lower than 205 C. At thisstage, the benzyl alcohol alone is entrapped in the treated portions ofthe polyamide material. The material can then be immediately dyed bysubjecting it to normal dyeing opeartions or it can be stored forsubsequent dyeing.

The poly-amide material may thereafter be dyed using conventional dyeingprocedures, for polyamide material. A dyed pattern will be formed inaccordance with the latent design (i.e. the arrangement of the treatedportions).

Many or various dyes may be employed in accordance with my invention,for example, dyes which have an afiinity for polyamide, such as acidcolors, premetalized acid colors, dispersed colors and direct colors. Ofthese, the preferred dyestuffs are the pre-metalized colors because oftheir dye fastness, wash and light fastness. Examples of specific colorswhich may be employed, identified by their color index means and numbersare: premetalized acid colors, such as: C.I. acid blue 21, CI. No.62,005, C.I. acid red 114 C1. No. 23,635, C.I. acid orange 64pre-metalized, C.I. acid orange pre-metalized 590, C.I. acid millingblue R. C.I. Pr. 136; dispersed colors, such as: C.I. dispersed yellow 3OJ. No. 11,855, C.I. dispersed blue 7 Cl. No. 62,500, C.I. dispersed red13 Cl. 11,115, C.I. dispersed orange 3 Cl. No. 11,005; and directcolors, such as C.I. direct yellow 44 Cl. 29,000, C.I. direct red 1 Cl.11,110, 0.1. direct red 30 Cl. 23,630, C.I. direct blue 67 Cl. No.27,925. It should be understood that the above listing of dyes which canbe utilized for dyeing the polyamide material treated in accordance withmy invention is representative only, and is not to be considered aslimiting in any way as to the full scope of the present invention.

The various dyes that may be used on the polyamide material treated withmy dye assist agent may be applied by any of the commonly used methodsfor dyeing material used in the art today. In this connection, however,and as stated previously, when polyamide material treated in accordancewith my invention is dyed, the dye is rapidly and efficientlytransferred to the polyamide material employing non-extreme conditions.The polyamide material will accept the dye in a relatively short time,for example, less than a minute so that vat dyeing may be employed;however, the material need not remain in the dye solution over extendedperiods of time as is commonly practiced today. After the material isremoved from the dye bath, the material is washed and heated to atemperature in excess of 205 C. to remove the benzyl alcohol containedin the treated portions of the polyamide material. This temperature issufiicient to remove the benzyl alcohol without in any way affecting thepolyamide or dyestuffs. The resulting dyed material has patterndefinition, is dyefast, wash and light fast and the dye is substantiallyuniformly distributed through the treated portions of the polyamidematerial where the benzyl alcohol had been previously applied.

While a two-color effect can be achieved by treating the polyamidematerial with the benzyl alcohol in preselected portions, multi-coloreffects may be achieved by only a slight variation in this process. Forexample, the preselected portions of the polyamide material, rather thanbeing passed through only a single bath containing benzyl alcohol, maybe passed through a plurality of baths in varying compositions andconcentrations. Only a slight pressure is employed when the differentbaths are applied to these preselected portions of the polyamidematerial. One or more of the remaining baths contains a quantity of dyeresist agents of varying concentrations. Thus, if the preselectedportions of the polyamide material are passed through the bathscontaining benzyl alcohol and dye resist, a latent image or design,which is readily dyed at a subsequent time, is formed thereon. Thesevarious treated areas are such that all of the treated areas may be dyedeither in a varying shade of a single color or varying shades ofmulti-color, or the dye may be excluded from the so treated zones orportions under proper conditions.

As stated above, one of the baths may contain only a benzyl alcoholsolution as the dye assist agent and active ingredient. Other baths maycontain dye resist agents of varying types and quantities. Various dyeresist agents may be employed which have an affinity for polyamidematerial. For example, sulfur-containing organic materials, such assulfurized phenols and naphthols and their substituted counterparts,sulfonated sulfurized phenols and naphthols and their substitutedcounterparts, and condensates of the above-described compounds withaldehydes and amino-aldehyde condensation products. Similarly, asolution formed of tannic acid and tartar emetic can be employed.

The list of resists quoted above is not meant to be limiting, nor doesthe use of a resist form any part of my invention, except as employed inconjuction with the benzyl alcohol treatment.

It has been unexpectedly found that not only is the benzyl alcoholretained in the polyamide material to aid in dye reception, but thebenzyl alcohol also aids in insuring penetration of the various resistsinto the polyamide material for retention during storage, prior tosubsequent use. For example, in the case of the tannic acid-tartaremetic resist, the benzyl alcohol has been found to dissolve theprecipitate which is generally formed. When using this resist, a smallquantity of oxalic acid should also be employed to prevent the formationof a blue solution which often forms when tannic acid is brought incontact with water, due to a reaction between the tannic acid and thesmall quantities of iron which are often found in water.

The treating baths which incorporate the various resists contain fromabout 3% to 9% of the benzyl alcohol, as previously described for thebath containing only benzyl alcohol, and amounts of resist present inthe benzyl alcohol solution may vary in accordance with a specificresist agent. Concentrations of resists which have been found to beeffective in forming a multi-color pattern or latent design effect, forexample, a resist of the type having high molecular sulfur compounds mayvary in concentration from about 3 to 8 grams/liter, whereas if amixture of tannic acid and tartar emetic is employed, 16 grams of tannicacid to 4 grams of tartar emetic/ liter have been found to be suitablewhen employing the teachings of my invention.

As stated previously, the treated polyamide material may be dyedemploying conventional techniques. However, after the treated polyamidematerial is dyed, the dye is set by heating the material in excess of205 C. to remove the entrapped or retained benzyl alcohol from thetreated portions. The treated portions will contain dye in varying colorgradations. Under proper circumstances in which the selected dye Willnot react with the dye resist agent employed, the dye will be repelledcompletely where the dye resist is in greatest concentration and willonly dye in lighter color shades in varying gradations according to theamount of dye resist present in the treated portions. Alternatively,where the proper dye is selected, various color gradations may beachieved over the entire treated portion of the fabric where the dyeresist is present in varying concentrations. Thus, a dye resist agenthas a two-fold function, namely to resist certain dyes from the treatedpolyamide material or to accept certain dyes from the treated polyamidematerial. The dyes employed will vary although the dyes mentionedpreviously in accordance with the benzyl alcohol treated portions arequite acceptable. Pre-metallized acid color dyes, dispersed dyes anddirect dyes are quite suitable as set forth above. When dyeing treatedpolyamide material having incorporated therein benzyl alcohol and a dyeresist agent in varying concentrations, the multi-color or gradationpattern effect may be obtained by passing the treated portions of thematerial through separate dye baths or a single dye bath may be employedcontaining various color dyes. The treated polyamide material may bedyed in a single operation by incorporating into one dye bath solutionselected dyestuffs. Due to the selectivity of the dyes, a specified dyewill dye the benzyl alcohol treated portions and the other selected dyeswhich have an aflinity for the dye resist agent incorporated in selectedportions of the polyamide material will dye those portions in shadesaccording to the concentration of the resist present in the treatedmaterial.

EXAMPLES The following examples illustrate the treatment of polyamidematerials so as to form latent images or designs to which dye may besubsequently applied thereto and also illustrate treatment with a dyemodifying agent, in accordance with the invention herein.

Example 1 Ce. Sulfuric acid (1-10) 4.0 Benzyl alcohol 50.0 Water 946.0

The above solution is prepared by dissolving the named constituents inapproximately 900 cc. of Water. After the constituents have beendissolved therein, the volume of the mixture is brought to one liter byadding a sufficient amount of water thereto.

The dye assist treating solution is heated to a temperature below 205C., as for instance approximately C., and is conveniently placed in atank fitted with a roller in which the roller is partially immersedtherein so that as the treatment roller rotates, a film of the dyeassist treating solution containing an aqueous solution of benzylalcohol will be carried on the surface of the roller. The polyamidematerial to be treated consists of a plurality of ends arrangedsubstantially in side-by-side relationship to each other and extendlongitudinally in the direction of the movement of the treatingapparatus. In practice, the longitudinally extending ends of thepolyamide material are passed over the treatment roller and are spaced ashort distance therefrom. A movable rotating bar or roller is positionedabove the treatment roller and the polyamide material to be treated. Themovable roller is manipulated in a predetermined synchronized fashion soas to contact the upper surface of the polyamide material and to forcethe polyamide material against the treatment roller with a slightpressure sufficient enough to cause the film of treating solutioncarried on the surface thereof to be transferred to the polyamidematerial in the preselected portions. The pressure is such that thepolyamide material is not deformed or compressed so as to alter itsoriginal shape.

The film carried by the treatment roller is transferred to the materialonly in the portions in which the movable roller has pressed against thepolyamide material and the treatment roller. The contacting period forany portion of the polyamide material is a relatively short period oftime of less than a second although depending upon the concentration ofthe treating solution, the period of time may vary. The treatedpolyamide material is then passed through a heating zone at atemperature of less than 205 C. so as to set the treatment solution inthe polyamide material. It is then washed to remove excess treatmentsolution but not the absorbed benzyl alcohol contained in the polyamidematerial in those areas where the movable roller has made contact withthe material. The material is then squeeze-dried and dried in the usualmanner at a temperature in excess of the boiling point of the solventand below 205 C. so as to remove the solvent and retain the absorbedbenzyl alcohol therein. The material may be dyed at once or stored forsubsequent use for manufacture of textile products. The treated greigegoods are stored.

The so-treated material contains benzyl alcohol in the areas in whichthe movable roller has contacted the material on the treatment roller inpredetermined areas and these treated areas are ready fo rapid dyeing ina conventional manner. It is to be noted that the treated ends ofpolyamide material contain predetermined zones having benzyl alcoholadsorbed or entrapped within the fibers of each end and each spool orend of polyamide material or the goods made therefrom may be dyed in apredetermined fashion so that zones of the yarn s dyed a given color andzones that have remained untreated will not be dyed at all, or theuntreated zones may be dyed in the conventional manner. The dyedpolyamide material is then subjected to temperatures in excess of 205 C.to remove the entrapped or adsorbed benzyl alcohol in the treated zonesso as to set the dye therein. The dye is uniform and is fast to washingand light.

Example 2 Benzyl alcohol cc 50.00 Tannic acid cc 16.0 Tartar emetic gm4.0 Oxalic acid gm 0.8 Sulfuric acid (l-) cc 0.8 Water, q.s. to 1 liter.

The above solution is prepared as in Example 1.

The temperature of the treatment, the pressure applied to the polyamideends, the washing, drying and storing of the treated polyamide materialis the same as in Example 1.

The polyamide material will be prepared having treated zones containingbenzyl alcohol and tannic acid and tartar emetic adsorbed or entrappedwithin the fiber of the yarn. The benzyl alcohol aids or assists the dyeresist agent, i.e. to be adsorbed or entrapped in the polyamide fibers.The treated polyamide material may be dyed in the manner indicatedabove.

Water, q.s. to 1 liter.

The above solutions are prepared as indicated in Example 1.

Solutions A, B, and C are placed in treatment tanks A, B, and C of thesame type and having the same temperature conditions as indicated inExample 1. The polyamide material of Example 1 is passed over treatmenttanks A, B, and C subjected to relatively the same contacting pressuresas indicated in Example 1 in the following manner:

Each treatment tank is provided with a treatment roller to transfer therespective solutions to the polyamide material in a predeterminedfashion. A movable bar or roller is positioned over each treatmentroller as described in Example 1.'The polyamide material is treated bysynchronizing the movable rollers to contact the polyamide material insuccessive zones whereby the solutions contained in tanks A, B, and Care applied in a predetermined fashion to form a latent design thereon.Also, solutions A, B, and C may be applied in space relationship to eachother so that only preselected portions of the material may beuntreated. Thereafter, the material is Washed and dried as described inExample 1 so that the dye assisting agent and dye resist are entrappedtherein and the treated material is stored for subsequent use formanufacture of textile products.

Subsequently, when the polyamide material is to be dyed by themanufacturer, the colors that may be applied to the material may varygreatly. For instance, a dye solution may be prepared in which twodifferent dyes may be used, namely C.I. dispersed blue 7 Cl. No. 62,500and Cl. acid orange Cl. Pr. 590. When the polyamide material is treatedwith this dye mixture, the material will be dyed in the followingmanner:

(1) The material will dye a solid shade of blue before the dyes havebeen completely reacted.

(2) The treated parts A and B and the untreated part of the materialwill be dyed varying shades of green. Thus, part A will dye a dark MossGreen, part B will dye a light Moss Green and the untreated part willdye a Medium Green which is slightly darker than the light green oftreated part B.

(3) Treated part C will remain a clear blue shade.

It is apparent by the proper selection of dyes, multicolored and/ ormulti-shaded dye patterns and effects may be achieved. Further, otherdyes that may be used have specific characteristics in which no reactionoccurs. Where the portion of the material is described above, the dyeused specifically reacts with my dye resist agent. Thus, a patternhaving varying shades of dye adsorption will leave a portion of thematerial neutral, namely that portion which is treated with a heavyconcentration of dye resist agent.

The foregoing examples illustrate the procedure for forming a treatedgreige goods material in the form of filaments or ends of polyamidematerial which has incorporated in the treated zones benzyl alcoholand/or benzyl alcohol and a dye resist agent. It is to be understoodthat the term greige goods includes, for example, polyamide material inthe form of filaments, yarns, tows, films and other textile productswhich may be woven, knitted or the like. These materials can besubstituted for the ends of the polyamide material described in Examples1 through 3. The configurations of the so-treated zones may varyconsiderably. For example, the treatment roller may be provided with adesign which is to be transferred to the particular polyamide materialbeing treated. Obviously, many different types of treatment rollers maybe made with variations in designs.

The greige goods material formed in accordance with the invention hereinis such that the treated portions have enhanced dyeing characteristicsbut the physical characteristics of the so-treated portions or zones,such as flexibility, resiliency and tensile strength are substantiallyunaffected and unaltered by the treatment with the benzyl alcohol and/orbenzyl alcohol and dye resist agent.

Many variations may be employed without departing from the spirit andscope of my invention as defined in the appended claims.

I claim:

1. A method of preparing fibrous polyamide greige goods in the form offilaments, yarns, woven and knitted textiles for subsequent dyeing inpatterns of light and 9 10 dark areas in said goods without altering thefiexibility, 2. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said liquidresilience, tensile strength after dyeing consisting essenmediumcontains, in addition to said benzyl alcohol, a tially of: dye resistagent.

applying, at a temperature of 35100 C., to localized 3. Polyamidefibrous greige goods made by the method areas substantially less thanthe entire surface area of claim 2. of the polyamide greige goods fromabout 3% to References Cited about 9% of benzyl alcohol in a liquidmedium inert UNITED STATES PATENTS to said polyannde whlch serves as acarrier for said benzyl alcohol, said liquid medium having a boiling3,083,069 3/1963 fllrsbrurmer et point lower than 205 C. whereby saidbenzyl alcohol 10 2,365,931 12/1944 Bengel' 8-4301 impregnates thefibers in said localized areas thereby 2,480,775 8/1949 Ryanentrappingsmall amounts therein; 2,734,001 2/1956 Mechlenburgh et a1. removing theexcess of benzyl alcohol which is present at the surface of theimpregnated areas by washing; OTHER REFERENCES and 15 Review of TextileProgress, 1960, page 389, pub. 1962 thereafter heating said greige goodsto a temperature of by Butterworth and Co., London, England. TS 1300 R4.approximately 100 C. for a period of time to com- Schmidlin: Preparationand Dyeing of Synthetic Fibers,

pletely evaporate the washing medium, said temperapages 33, 153-155 and232-233, pub. by Chapman and ture being less than that which will alterthe resilience Hall, Ltd., London, England. T515485 S34.

of the localized treated areas of said goods, whereby the entire mass ofgreige goods in benzyl alcohol DONALD LEVY, Primary Examiner treated anduntreated areas has the same and uniform characteristics of flexibility,tensile strength and re- US. Cl. X.R.

siliency and the treated areas dye to a darker shade than the untreatedareas. 25

